We trim them, paint them, file them, and shape them — but how often do we stop and ask:
Why do our nails grow in the first place?
And what controls how fast they grow?
It turns out that the simple act of nail growth is backed by a fascinating combination of biology, circulation, nutrition, and evolution. Whether you’re a nail technician, a beauty lover, or someone curious about how the human body works, this guide explains the science behind every millimeter of growth.
Let’s explore what really makes our nails grow.
🧬 What Are Nails Made Of?
Nails are made of keratin, the same protein found in:
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hair
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skin
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hooves and claws in animals
Keratin is strong, durable, and naturally protective — which is why nails evolved to help us with daily tasks like gripping and scratching.
🌱 Where Nail Growth Starts: The Nail Matrix
All nail growth begins in the matrix, a hidden area underneath the skin at the base of the nail, right behind the cuticle.
This is where new nail cells are produced.
Here’s how it works:
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Matrix cells divide and create new keratin cells.
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These cells harden (a process called keratinization).
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As new cells form, older ones are pushed forward — creating the visible nail plate.
So the part you see is already dead — but it’s the result of intense activity happening below the surface.
📈 How Fast Do Nails Grow?
On average:
Fingernails
Grow about 3.2 mm per month
(roughly 0.1 mm per day)
Toenails
Grow about 1.6 mm per month
(half as fast)
This is why toenails take much longer to recover after damage or fungal infections.
🔍 Why Do Fingernails Grow Faster Than Toenails?
There are a few scientific reasons:
1. Better Blood Circulation
Your hands receive more circulation than your feet, which stimulates the matrix.
2. More Frequent Use
Movement and small impacts on the fingers improve nutrient delivery — boosting growth.
3. Evolutionary Purpose
Hands are used for complex tasks; faster nail repair is helpful for protection.
⚡ Factors That Affect Nail Growth
Nail growth speed isn’t the same for everyone — it changes due to:
1. Age
Younger people grow nails faster.
Growth slows down as we age.
2. Nutrition
Nails grow faster when your diet includes:
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protein
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biotin
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zinc
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iron
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vitamins A, C, D, and B12
3. Hormones
Pregnant individuals often see faster nail growth due to increased blood flow.
4. Seasons
Nails grow slightly faster in summer — heat increases circulation.
5. Nail Care Habits
Hydration, oils, and avoiding trauma support consistent growth.
6. Hand Dominance
Your dominant hand’s nails grow a bit faster because it’s used more.
🧪 Why Nails Stop Growing Properly
Certain conditions can slow nail growth or change appearance:
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Nutrient deficiencies
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Poor circulation
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Thyroid disorders
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Nail trauma
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Excessive cuticle cutting
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Fungal infections
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Stress or illness
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Medication side effects
This is why nail health is often seen as a reflection of overall health.
🔬 Why Do Nails Keep Growing After Death? (Myth Busted)
You may have heard that nails continue to grow after someone dies — but this isn’t true.
What really happens:
The skin around the nail retracts as it dries, making nails appear longer.
💅 How to Promote Stronger, Faster Nail Growth
If you want healthier nails, focus on:
1. Daily Cuticle Oil
Hydrated cuticles = better matrix function.
2. High-Protein Diet
Nails are made of protein — more protein = better growth.
3. Biotin Supplements
One of the few scientifically proven nail-strengthening supplements.
4. Wearing Gloves
Protects nails from water, chemicals, and breakage.
5. Avoiding Harsh Removal Methods
Peeling gel or acrylics weakens the nail plate.
6. Regular Filing
Keeps nails from breaking and promotes consistent growth.
🌿 The Bottom Line
Your nails may seem simple, but they are constantly growing thanks to:
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a powerful keratin system
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a hardworking nail matrix
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your body’s nutrients
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blood flow
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and natural biology
Understanding nail growth helps you appreciate just how incredible your body is — and how proper care can lead to stronger, healthier nails.
